PERAN Small Interfering RNA DALAM PENARGETAN MOLEKULER UNTUK  TERAPI ALZHEIMER

Vivi Sofia; Sulis Indah Sari Nasution

doi:10.51771/fj.v5i2.1473

Authors

Vivi Sofia Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien Medan
Sulis Indah Sari Nasution Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51771/fj.v5i2.1473

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s Disease, Small Interfering RNA, Alzheimer, Terapi

Abstract

Penyakit Alzheimer (AD) merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif, kehilangan memori, dan akumulasi plak amiloid beta di otak. Small Interfering RNA (siRNA), molekul RNA untai ganda non coding yang terdiri dari 21-22 pasangan basa, telah menjadi fokus penelitian terapi gen karena kemampuannya menekan ekspresi gen spesifik melalui interferensi RNA. Dalam konteks AD, siRNA menargetkan gen beta-sekretase 1 (BACE1), enzim kunci dalam produksi amiloid-beta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi peran siRNA dalam terapi AD, khususnya dalam mengurangi ekspresi BACE1, plak amiloid, dan meningkatkan neurogenesis, serta mengevaluasi sistem penyampaian siRNA yang efektif. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap studi-studi terkait penggunaan siRNA dalam terapi AD. Fokus utama diberikan pada kompleks hibrida ANNP/siRNA dan CQ/siRNA, yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pengiriman siRNA ke otak dan melindunginya dari degradasi enzim. Data dikumpulkan dari studi preklinis pada model tikus AD, yang mengevaluasi efektivitas, biokompatibilitas, dan dampak terapeutik dari sistem penyampaian tersebut. Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) berpotensi sebagai terapi gen untuk penyakit Alzheimer (AD) dengan menekan ekspresi gen BACE1, mengurangi plak amiloid-beta, dan meningkatkan neurogenesis. Sistem penyampaian siRNA seperti kompleks hibrida ANNP/siRNA dan CQ/siRNA terbukti efektif dalam pengiriman siRNA ke otak dan melindunginya dari degradasi. Studi preklinis pada model tikus AD menunjukkan efektivitas, biokompatibilitas, dan dampak terapeutik yang menjanjikan, membuka peluang untuk pengembangan terapi AD berbasis siRNA.

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