ANALISIS EFEK SAMPING OBAT (ESO) PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DI RUANG RAWAT INAP INTERNE RUMAH SAKIT X PROVINSI BENGKULU

Tridewi Zakinah; Yelly Oktavia Sari; Dedy Almasdy

doi:10.51771/fj.v4i2.909

Authors

Tridewi Zakinah Universitas Andalas, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Yelly Oktavia Sari Universitas Andalas, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Dedy Almasdy Universitas Andalas, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51771/fj.v4i2.909

Keywords:

efek samping obat, geriatri, kualitatif

Abstract

Efek samping obat adalah semua respon terhadap suatu obat yang merugikan dan tidak diinginkan, yang terjadi pada dosis normal pemakaian. Reaksi obat yang merugikan dapat mengancam jiwa dan menyebabkan kerusakan permanen serta pengobatan khusus, terutama pada populasi geriatri karena perubahan fisiologis yang mengubah farmakodinamik dan farmakokinetik banyak obat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi pengetahuan, pengalaman, penanganan dan cara pelaporan ESO oleh tenaga kesehatan di ruang rawat inap interne rumah sakit “X” provinsi Bengkulu. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap 12 informan yang terdiri dari apoteker, dokter dan perawat. Data hasil wawancara direkam, ditranskip, kemudian dilakukan content analysis dengan Sofware NVivo versi 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan tentang farmakovigilan masih kurang, yang berarti pelaporan ESO masih terbatas dan bersifat pasif. Selain itu, informan telah memahami cara penanganan ESO. Obat antibiotik menyebabkan gatal pada kulit, yang merupakan penyebab tersering kasus ESO. Semua informan setuju bahwa sangat penting melaporkan kejadian ESO untuk melindungi keselamatan pasien. Untuk meningkatkan pelaporan ESO, sosialisasi dan pelatihan kesehatan secara teratur dapat dilakukan.

References

Alshabi, A. M., Shaikh, M. A. K., Shaikh, I. A., Alkahtani, S. A., & Aljadaan, A. (2022). Knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital pharmacists towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 30(7), 1018–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2022.04.014

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2022. Jakarta : Badan Pusat Statistik.

BPOM. (2019). Farmakovigilans (Keamanan Obat) : Panduan Deteksi dan Pelaporan Efek Samping Obat Untuk Tenaga Kesehatan. Jakarta : BPOM.

BPOM, & JICA. (2020). Modul Farmakovigilans Untuk Tenaga Profesional Kesehatan, Proyek “Ensuring Drug and Food Safety.” Jakarta : BPOM.

Cahir, C., Curran, C., Walsh, C., Hickey, A., Brannigan, R., Kirke, C., Williams, D. J., & Bennett, K. (2023). Adverse drug reactions in an ageing PopulaTion ( ADAPT ) study : Prevalence and risk factors associated with adverse drug reaction-related hospital admissions in older patients. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13(1029067), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1029067

Damris, M., Sari, Y. O., & Almasdy, D. (2020). Knowledge and Awareness of Health Workers in Reporting Adverse Drug Reaction of Geriatric Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(11), 570–573.

Fahmi, H. L., Al-jumaili, A. A., & Younus, M. M. (2022). Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy The whole experience of public hospital physicians from several specialties with biopharmaceutical effectiveness , safety , adverse drug reactions and interchangeability : A qualitative study. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 7(October 2021), 100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100162

Gupta, S., Nayak, R., Shivaranjani, R., & Vidyarthi, S. (2015). A questionnaire study on the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of pharmacovigilance among the healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital in South India. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 6(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.148816

Hadi, M. A., Neoh, C. F., Zin, R. M., Elrggal, M., & Cheema, E. (2017). Pharmacovigilance: pharmacists’ perspective on spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, Volume 6, 91–98. https://doi.org/10.2147/iprp.s105881

Handayani, D., Reza Rahmawati, Yona Harianti Putri, Petri Siti Khodijah, Eni Kurniati, & Violina Aniza. (2022). Evaluasi Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Antidiabetes Pada Geriatri Berdasarkan Algoritma Naranjo Di Kota Bengkulu. Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 7(3), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v7i3.413

Hussain, R., Hassali, M. A., Rehman, A. U., Muneswarao, J., Atif, M., & Babar, Z. U. D. (2020a). A qualitative evaluation of adverse drug reaction reporting system in pakistan: Findings from the nurses’ perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093039

Hussain, R., Hassali, M. A., Rehman, A. U., Muneswarao, J., Atif, M., & Babar, Z. U. D. (2020b). A qualitative evaluation of adverse drug reaction reporting system in pakistan: Findings from the nurses’ perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093039

Iyan Hardiana, I. P., Mujaki, A. A., Jerry, & Taufani. (2022). Evaluasi efek samping obat pada pasien rawat inap d i Rumah Sakit “ X ” di Jakarta. Health Sciences and Pharmacy Journal, 6(1), 35–41.

Laatikainen, O., Sneck, S., Bloigu, R., Lahtinen, M., Lauri, T., & Turpeinen, M. (2016). Hospitalizations due to adverse drug events in the elderly-a retrospective register study. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7(OCT), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00358

Lovia, S., Sari, Y. O., Almasdy, D., & Amelin, F. (2019). Studi Kualitatif Pengetahuan Perawat tentang Adverse Drug Reaction ( ADR ) di Bangsal Rawat Inap Anak RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang. JSFK, 6(2), 95–103.

Maharani, L., & Yugatama, A. (2023). Prevalence of adverse drug reaction in Indonesia: A systematic review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 13(8), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2023.91550

Mangoni, A. A., & Jackson, S. H. D. (2004). Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Basic principles and practical applications. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 57(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x

Musdar, T. A., Nadhafi, M. T., Lestiono, L., Lichijati, L., Athiyah, U., & Nita, Y. (2021). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Pelaporan Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) oleh Apoteker di Beberapa Rumah Sakit di Surabaya. JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 6(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v6i2.49794

Notenboom, K., Beers, E., Van Riet-Nales, D. A., Egberts, T. C. G., Leufkens, H. G. M., Jansen, P. A. F., & Bouvy, M. L. (2014). Practical problems with medication use that older people experience: A qualitative study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(12), 2339–2344. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13126

Onder, G., Liperoti, R., Fialova, D., Topinkova, E., Tosato, M., Danese, P., Gallo, P. F., Carpenter, I., Finne-Soveri, H., Gindin, J., Bernabei, R., & Landi, F. (2012). Polypharmacy in nursing home in Europe: Results from the SHELTER study. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 67 A(6), 698–704. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr233

Onder, G., Pedone, C., Landi, F., Cesari, M., Della Vedova, C., Bernabei, R., & Gambassi, G. (2002). Adverse drug reactions as cause of hospital admissions: Results from the Italian group of pharmacoepidemiology in the elderly (GIFA). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(12), 1962–1968. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50607.x

Sabiti, F. B., Purnami, I. D., Arief, T. A., Sofa, N. A., Yanto, A., & Permatasari, J. D. (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tenaga Kesehatan Tentang Pharmacovigilance Terhadap Sikap Pelaporan ADR di Kota Semarang. JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 8(2), 218. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v8i2.68202.

Srisuriyachanchai, W., Cox, A. R., & Jarernsiripornkul, N. (2022). Exploring Healthcare Professionals’ Practices and Attitudes towards Monitoring and Reporting of Severe Adverse Drug Reactions. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061077

Valinciute-Jankauskiene, A., & Kubiliene, L. (2021). Adverse drug reaction reporting by patients in 12 european countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041507.

WHO. (2022). Ageing and Health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/ageing-and-health#:~:text=By 2050%2C the world’s population,2050 to reach 426 million.

Wolfe, D., Yazdi, F., Kanji, S., Burry, L., Beck, A., Butler, C., Esmaeilisaraji, L., Hamel, C., Hersi, M., Skidmore, B., Moher, D., & Hutton, B. (2018). Incidence, causes, and consequences of preventable adverse drug reactions occurring in inpatients: A systematic review of systematic reviews. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 13, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205426.