REVIEW ARTIKEL PENGGUNAAN POLIMER UNTUK FORMULASI NANOPARTIKEL METFORMIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51771/fj.v4i2.929Keywords:
Metformin, nanopartikel, polimer alami, formulasi, diabetes melitusAbstract
Metformin merupakan obat pilihan pertama terapi DM tipe 2 atau NIDDM (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) dan paling banyak diresepkan. Metformin memiliki sifat sangat hidrofilik dan permeabilitas yang buruk sehingga dikategorikan ke dalam Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) kelas 3. Nanoteknologi merupakan teknologi formulasi sediaan farmasi dan sistem penghantaran obat yang memiliki banyak keunggulan. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya suatu review yang membahas penggunaan polimer untuk formulasi nanopartikel metformin untuk memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan sebagai acuan penelitian bagi peneliti yang ingin meneliti tentang formulasi metformin. Pada studi ini, dilakukan review artikel tentang formulasi nanopartikel metformin yang menggunakan polimer alami sebagai matriks. Database yang digunakan adalah Scopus dan PubMed. Tipe data dari database adalah jurnal penelitian tanpa ada pembatasan tahun. Referensi yang diperoleh dari database kemudian dilakukan identifikasi, analisis, dan dipilih sesuai dengan topik yang akan dikaji. Formulasi metformin dalam bentuk sediaan nanopartikel menggunakan polimer alami dapat memodifikasi metformin menjadi sediaan dengan pelepasan terkontrol, meningkatkan efikasi pengobatan menjadi lebih baik dan mengurangi frekuensi pemberian obat. Nanoenkapsulasi obat merupakan cara yang efektif untuk menurunkan efek samping obat yang diikuti dengan pelepasan terkontrol dan penghantaran obat pada lokasi spesifik. Polimer biasanya direkomendasikan sebagai pilihan terbaik untuk matriks obat karena sifatnya yang biodegradable dan biokompatibel. Polimer yang banyak digunakan sebagai matriks nanoenkapsulasi metformin adalah alginat dan kitosan. Nanopartikel polimerik efektif pada dosis rendah yang diikuti dengan pelepasan terkontrol sehingga menurunkan efek samping yang disebabkan oleh dosis tinggi. Enkapsulasi metformin ke dalam nanopartikel polimerik dapat memodifikasi pelepasan metformin menjadi sustained release dan efikasi yang lebih tinggi pada dosis rendah.
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