HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI GARAM DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA IBU HAMIL

Ristiani Ristiani; Nurfatmawati Dewi; Nelva Riza; Ferdi Riansyah; Reka Julia Utama

doi:10.51771/mj.v6i1.2123

Authors

Ristiani Ristiani Universitas Wirahusada Medan, Medan, Indonesia
Nurfatmawati Dewi Universitas Wirahusada Medan, Medan, Indonesia
Nelva Riza Universitas Bina Bangsa Getsempena, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Ferdi Riansyah Universitas Bina Bangsa Getsempena, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Reka Julia Utama Universitas Bina Bangsa Getsempena, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51771/mj.v6i1.2123

Keywords:

Hipertensi Kehamilan, Ibu Hamil, Pola Konsumsi Garam

Abstract

Hipertensi dalam kehamilan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal serta perinatal. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berperan dalam terjadinya hipertensi pada ibu hamil adalah pola konsumsi garam yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola konsumsi garam dengan kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Klinik Bidan Juliana pada bulan November 2025. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal di Klinik Bidan Juliana, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 22 responden. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur untuk menilai pola konsumsi garam dan data tekanan darah yang diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan antenatal. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berada pada usia 20–35 tahun (68,2%), usia kehamilan trimester III (45,4%), dan multigravida (59,1%). Responden dengan pola konsumsi garam tinggi lebih banyak mengalami hipertensi (36,4%) dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki pola konsumsi garam normal. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p = 0,01 (p < 0,05), yang menandakan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara pola konsumsi garam dan kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pola konsumsi garam berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil. Edukasi gizi mengenai pembatasan konsumsi garam selama kehamilan perlu ditingkatkan sebagai upaya pencegahan hipertensi kehamilan.

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