Pajanan Logam Berat Dan Keluhan Pernafasan Pada Petani : Studi Kualitatif di Area Industri Kelurahan Tangkahan Medan Labuhan Indonesia

Tina Meirindany; Nurul Rahma Siregar; Yetti Dynaria Siregar

doi:10.51771/mj.v5i2.1730

Authors

Tina Meirindany tina
Nurul Rahma Siregar Universitas Haji Sumatera Utara
Yetti Dynaria Siregar Universitas Haji Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51771/mj.v5i2.1730

Keywords:

Pajanan Logam Berat, Keluhan Pernapasan, Area Industri

Abstract

Aktivitas industri dan pertanian meningkatkan emisi polutan berbahaya ke lingkungan terutama akumulasi logam berat. Peningkatan logam berat, terutama kadmium (Cd) berkaitan dengan gangguan pernapasan dan penyakit paru kronis. Pada wilayah industri Kelurahan Tangkahan Medan Labuhan terdapat kasus ISPA yang mengalami tren peningkatan. Pengukuran menunjukkan kadar kadmium dalam tanah dan gabah melebihi Batas Maksimum Residu (BMR).Paparan kadmium meningkatkan risiko kesehatan bagi petani dan masyarakat sekitar. Kondisi ini menurunkan produktivitas petani serta berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat dan keluhan pernafasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman petani terkait keluhan pernapasan dan mengidentifikasi faktor lingkungan kerja yang berpotensi menyebabkan pajanan logam berat, serta menganalisis kesadaran petani terhadap risiko paparan logam berat dan dampaknya terhadap pernapasan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi untuk memahami pengalaman subjektif petani terkait keluhan pernapasan akibat pajanan logam berat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi dan analisis data secara tematik. Petani mengalami keluhan pernapasan seperti batuk kronis dan sesak napas yang berdampak pada produktivitas. Sumber paparan utama meliputi polusi udara industri dan penggunaan pupuk kimia sehingga kadmium semakin larut ditanah dan pestisida yang diduga mengandung logam berat. Pengetahuan petani mengenai risiko logam berat masih sangat terbatas sehingga perilaku protektif terhadap zat berbahaya belum optimal. Paparan polusi udara dan logam berat di lingkungan pertanian berdampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan pernapasan petani. Rendahnya pengetahuan akan bahaya logam berat memperburuk kondisi ini meskipun petani menunjukkan keinginan kuat untuk mendapatkan edukasi dan dukungan. Oleh karena itu, intervensi terpadu dari pemerintah, industri, dan instansi kesehatan diperlukan guna mengurangi risiko kesehatan.

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