Smart Fermentation Bio-Ameliorant (Lokal) untuk Imobilisasi Kadmium pada Lahan Pertanian Terdampak Industri, dengan Dukungan Komunikasi Risiko Digital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51771/mj.v6i1.2008Keywords:
kadmium, petani, biosorpsi, bio-amelioran, komunikasi resiko digitalAbstract
Pajanan kadmium pada lahan pertanian yang berdekatan dengan kawasan industri menjadi ancaman bagi kesehatan petani dan kualitas lingkungan. Kelurahan Tangkahan di Kecamatan Medan Labuhan merupakan wilayah rentan karena berada di sekitar kawasan industri dan menjadi lokasi pertanian aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik petani, praktik aman dan pengelolaan lingkungan, efektivitas bio-amelioran berbasis khamir dalam imobilisasi kadmium di tanah sawah, serta peran komunikasi risiko digital dalam meningkatkan pemahaman petani terhadap bahaya kadmium. Penelitian menggunakan desain mixed method melalui survei terhadap 100 petani, uji laboratorium bio-amelioran berbahan khamir dan dedak, serta wawancara kualitatif untuk menggali persepsi risiko. Variabel yang diamati meliputi penggunaan APD, personal hygiene, pengelolaan pupuk dan pestisida, pemantauan pH tanah, pengelolaan limbah kemasan, dan fortifikasi bahan organik. Hasil menunjukkan mayoritas petani berusia ≥40 tahun (76%), laki-laki (77%), dan bekerja ≥5 tahun (82%), dengan tingkat pengetahuan kategori cukup (46%) dan kurang (44%). Praktik aman masih kurang optimal, terutama penggunaan APD (27% sangat kurang). Pengelolaan lingkungan belum memadai, ditunjukkan minimnya pemantauan pH tanah dan pengelolaan limbah. Uji bio-amelioran menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar dosis, dengan dosis 10 g paling efektif menurunkan kadar kadmium (1,78–1,82 mg/kg) dan meningkatkan pH tanah dari 5,5 menjadi 7,0. Analisis kualitatif menemukan tiga tema: meningkatnya pemahaman risiko melalui media visual digital, munculnya niat mitigasi yang terkendala ekonomi, dan penerimaan positif dari pemerintah daerah. Kombinasi bio-amelioran dan komunikasi risiko digital terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman serta respons petani terhadap pajanan kadmium.
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